Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Vilani) 12/2/2005 Dishimkhirni lekane baasa ka amaargi in disaninu ka iirbar in sisadikud. Dirgekii ka darkaamku in midu in dinekhinumninu ka khurer khinumash.--- TRANSLATION NOTES The statement is given in the neutral register; thus, 3rd person references use the remote prefixes. 1v. DI-SHIMKHIR-NI LEKANE BAASA KA AMAARGI IN 1e. 3P-be born-LOC people all freedom and The verb is realis. 'Lekane' here is understood to mean 'humanity'. In Vilani, 'ka' marks the target of applicatives; in this case, the standing that people are born 'in'. 2v. DI-SA-NI-NU KA IIRBA-R IN SISADIKUD. 2e. 3P-equal-LOC-REF dignified-NOM and rights. The verb is irrealis, but the prefix does not change. And since the verb is intransitive, there are no changes due to pivot constraints, thank goodness. The 'NU' suffix marks the verb as a coordinative auxiliary verb... otherwise it would be seen as starting a new phrase altogether. 'Sisadikud' is really 'justice', understood here as 'rights'. 3v. D(I)-IRGE-KII KA DARKAAMKU IN MIDU IN 3e. 3P-endowed-INS reason and conscience and 'Irge' literally means 'have in common'. The suffix 'kii' is the instrumental applicative (i.e. "with"). 'Midu' is a very old contraction of the words for 'inner voice'. 4v. DI-NE-KHINUM-NI-NU KA KHURER KHINUM-ASH. 4e. 3P-REC-act-IN-COORD familiar behave-NOM. The 'NE' prefix implies "to each other". The 'NU' suffix marks khinum as a coordinative auxiliary verb. The plain root of the intransitive verb khurer 'be familiar' is simply used here as an adjective, while the verb khinum is converted to a noun with its suffix.